A diagnostic flow cytometry antibody panel is a clinically validated, standardized set of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies used for disease diagnosis, classification, and monitoring in IVD / clinical laboratory settings.

Diagnostic IHC antibodies are primary antibodies validated for clinical use to detect specific protein biomarkers in FFPE tissue sections..

A diagnostic primary antibody is a clinically validated antibody that directly binds a disease-relevant antigen and is approved/qualified for in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) use. These antibodies are central to pathology and clinical immunoassays because they determine specificity, sensitivity, and clinical accuracy..

A diagnostic secondary antibody is a clinically validated detection antibody used in IVD assays (IHC, flow cytometry, ELISA/CLIA) to bind the primary antibody and generate a reliable, regulated signal suitable for patient reporting.

Aptamers are short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that fold into unique 3-D structures and bind targets (proteins, small molecules, cells) with antibody-like affinity and specificity. In diagnostics, they are increasingly used as recognition elements in place of antibodies..