Protein A is a Staphylococcus aureus cell wall protein that specifically binds to many mammalian IgGs and a few IgM and IgA, primarily to the Fc region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain..

- Lyophilized powder; the buffer system before lyophilization is 5mM PB (pH 7.4), 0.1mM EDTA solution

- 33.6 kDa (SDS-PAGE approximately 30 kDa)

- Isoelectric point- 5.10

- Activity- ≥800 U/mg protein

- Source - Escherichia coli

- Purity - ≥95%

Recombinant superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a purified, enzyme-based reagent produced using recombinant DNA technology and used in cell culture to control oxidative stress and protect cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS).

These reagents are commonly used in cell culture to promote cell attachment, signaling, and functional interactions, especially in primary, stem cell, and specialized cultures..

Recombinant Protein A, Protein G, and Protein A/G are affinity-binding protein reagents produced using recombinant technology and widely used for antibody binding, purification, and immunological applications..

A ligand is a molecule that binds specifically to a protein (often a receptor, enzyme, or transporter) through non-covalent interactions. This binding can modulate the protein’s function, activate signaling, inhibit activity, or facilitate transport..