Fluorochrome-Conjugated Antibodies are the core reagents in flow cytometry, used to detect specific antigens on or within cells by fluorescence. Here’s a concise but thorough overview..

An antibody specific to a target antigen (e.g., CD4, CD19) that is chemically linked to a fluorochrome. When excited by a laser in the flow cytometer, the fluorochrome emits light that is detected and quantified.

DNA-Binding Dyes are widely used in flow cytometry to label nucleic acids for viability assessment, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis detection, and DNA content measurement..

Ion Indicator Dyes are fluorescent probes used in flow cytometry (and imaging) to measure intracellular ion concentrations and fluxes, most commonly Ca²⁺, but also Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, H⁺ (pH) and others..